{"id":2707,"date":"2024-09-25T17:59:57","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T17:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/general-hazards-and-risks\/"},"modified":"2024-09-25T18:56:42","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T18:56:42","slug":"general-hazards-and-risks","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/general-hazards-and-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"General Hazards and Risks"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2707\" class=\"elementor elementor-2707\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d9e219f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2d9e219f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71cd1843 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"71cd1843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/09-22-airfileld-electrical-banner.jpg\" title=\"09-22-airfileld-electrical-banner\" alt=\"09-22-airfileld-electrical-banner\" loading=\"lazy\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-429c88f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"429c88f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19779ce6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19779ce6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">General Hazards and Risks<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d75f69 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2d75f69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cdabbeb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cdabbeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bac6899 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bac6899\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36fe1433 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"36fe1433\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-145cf3aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"145cf3aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>While airport lighting systems pose a number of <a href=\"..\/unique-hazards\/\">unique hazards and challenges<\/a>, the electrical hazards involved hold out the same dangers of injury or death. There are four general electrical hazards of concern while working with airport lighting systems: electric shock, <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Flash&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Electric current passes through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>arc flash<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Blast&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Tremendous temperatures of the arc cause the explosive expansion of both the surrounding air and the metal in the arc path. Dangers associated with arc blast include high pressure, sound, and shrapnel.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>arc blast<\/span>, and fire.&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ceb9c83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ceb9c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Electric Shock<sup>*<\/sup> <\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3322adb3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3322adb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e15f1e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e15f1e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To eliminate the hazards of electric shock, it is important to know the following:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-402e572a resources-list elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"402e572a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>The source of the hazard<\/li><li>How the exposure could occur<\/li><li>How severe the shock would be to the human body<\/li><li>What action is necessary<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d77f013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d77f013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To mitigate exposure to electric shock, one should consider:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25ad3416 resources-list elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25ad3416\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Can the circuit be de-energized?<\/li><li>If not, what must be done to minimize the hazard?<\/li><li>What personal protective equipment (PPE) will minimize the exposure?<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c6187e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c6187e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>*Duluth International Airport.&nbsp;<em>Airfield Lighting Electrical Safety Program<\/em>, July 24, 2007.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ab01efd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ab01efd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31317ef5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"31317ef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/littelfuse.webdamdb.com\/directdownload.php?ti=96351035&amp;tok=kgbn2XkfsiTTICbR5VB%2FlgRR&amp;preview=1&amp;__hstc=248160920.090756b12a628261d0e1c4f30f9005fb.1724707741151.1724707741151.1724707741151.1&amp;__hssc=248160920.1.1724707741151&amp;__hsfp=2515547717&amp;hsCtaTracking=936d3020-d44c-4ee2-a436-8d9cef4f6ee3%7Ca63257a2-99a3-4f01-a8cb-12f2c6e591fd\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/ventricular-fibrillation-chart.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2501\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/ventricular-fibrillation-chart.png 446w, https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/ventricular-fibrillation-chart-292x300.png 292w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 85vw, 446px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The effects of different current levels flowing through the human body (source: Littelfuse)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61bb4aa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61bb4aa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h4>Arc Flash*<\/h4><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686868c8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"686868c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78c259ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"78c259ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0e74b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d0e74b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253858cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"253858cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Flash&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Electric current passes through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Arc flash<\/span> is defined as follows:<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"margin-left:3em\"> When an electric current passes through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors, the temperatures can reach 35,000&deg;F. Exposure to these extreme temperatures both burns the skin directly and causes ignition of clothing, which adds to the burn injury. The majority of hospital admissions due to electrical accidents are from arc-flash burns, not from shocks. Each year more than 2,000 people are admitted to burn centers with severe arc-flash burns. Arc flashes can and do kill at distances in excess of 10&rsquo;.<\/p>\n\nThe degree of <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Flash&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Electric current passes through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>arc flash<\/span> potential should be determined by a qualified electrical engineer and posted, along with PPE requirements, on the cabinet of all electrical equipment as recommended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31ea8243 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"31ea8243\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/..\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/General-30hr-Arc-Flash-Handout.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewbox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Understanding Arc Flash<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b4a4931 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b4a4931\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2381eb3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2381eb3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/potential-arc-hazard-sign.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2467\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/potential-arc-hazard-sign.png 1280w, https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/potential-arc-hazard-sign-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/potential-arc-hazard-sign-1024x615.png 1024w, https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/potential-arc-hazard-sign-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2024\/09\/potential-arc-hazard-sign-1200x721.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\"\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Potential arc flash hazard warning sign<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26cdd733 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26cdd733\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>*National Fire Protection Association. <em>NFPA 70E<\/em>, <em>Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace<\/em>&reg;. Annex K.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-451a5b76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"451a5b76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Arc Blast*<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-423486d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"423486d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b5931d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b5931d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Blast&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Tremendous temperatures of the arc cause the explosive expansion of both the surrounding air and the metal in the arc path. Dangers associated with arc blast include high pressure, sound, and shrapnel.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>arc blast<\/span> occurs when the tremendous temperatures of the arc cause the explosive expansion of both the surrounding air and the metal in the arc path. For example, copper expands by a factor of 67,000 times when it turns from a solid to a vapor. The dangers associated with this expansion include high pressure, sound, and shrapnel. The high pressure can easily exceed hundreds or even thousands of pounds per square foot, knocking workers off ladders, rupturing eardrums, and collapsing lungs. The noise can exceed 160 dB. Finally, material and molten metal is expelled away from the arc at speeds exceeding 700 mph, fast enough for the shrapnel to penetrate the body.<\/p><p>The degree of <span class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Blast&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Tremendous temperatures of the arc cause the explosive expansion of both the surrounding air and the metal in the arc path. Dangers associated with arc blast include high pressure, sound, and shrapnel.&lt;\/div&gt;\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>arc blast<\/span> potential should be determined by a qualified electrical engineer and posted along with PPE requirements on the cabinet of all electrical equipment as recommended by OSHA and NFPA 70-E.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55f6a64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55f6a64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>*National Fire Protection Association. <em>NFPA 70E<\/em>, <em>Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace<\/em>&reg;. Annex K.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-706cdef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"706cdef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Fire<sup>*<\/sup><\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2dd987 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4c2dd987\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587c6ad8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"587c6ad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Electrical systems are a significant source of fire. This electrical safety resource will not address this hazard directly, since fire hazards are broadly addressed in other sections of airport safety policies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-724d81f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"724d81f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>*Duluth International Airport.&nbsp;<em>Airfield Lighting Electrical Safety Program<\/em>, July 24, 2007.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dae8cf1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2dae8cf1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>General Hazards and Risks While airport lighting systems pose a number of unique hazards and challenges, the electrical hazards involved hold out the same dangers of injury or death. There are four general electrical hazards of concern while working with airport lighting systems: electric shock, <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Flash&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Electric current passes through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors.&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">arc flash<\/span>, <span class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Arc Blast&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;Tremendous temperatures of the arc cause the explosive expansion of both the surrounding air and the metal in the arc path. Dangers associated with arc blast include high pressure, sound, and shrapnel.&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">arc blast<\/span>, and fire.&nbsp; Electric Shock* To eliminate &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/general-hazards-and-risks\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &quot;General Hazards and Risks&quot;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2707","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2707"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2819,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707\/revisions\/2819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}