{"id":1093,"date":"2023-08-04T21:45:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-04T21:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/?page_id=1093"},"modified":"2024-10-22T14:34:24","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T14:34:24","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>\n\t\tGlossary\n\t<\/h2>\n<h3>\n\t\tAcronyms\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<ul>\n<li><strong>AMI<\/strong> &#8211; Advanced Metering Infrastructure provides extensive meter data, including historic usage, load profiles, voltage variations, and outages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CHP<\/strong> &#8211; Combined Heat and Power a.k.a. cogeneration<\/li>\n<li><strong>DER<\/strong> &#8211; Distributed Energy Resources e.g. rooftop solar PV units, natural gas turbines, wind turbines, biomass<\/li>\n<li><strong>DOE<\/strong> &#8211; United States Department of Energy<\/li>\n<li><strong>DR<\/strong> &#8211; Demand Response<\/li>\n<li><strong>DSO<\/strong> &#8211; Distribution System Operator<\/li>\n<li><strong>EMS<\/strong> &#8211; Emergency Management System<\/li>\n<li><strong>EPC<\/strong> &#8211; Engineering, Procurement, Construction contractor<\/li>\n<li><strong>FERC<\/strong> &#8211; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission<\/li>\n<li><strong>GHG<\/strong> &#8211; Greenhouse Gas Emissions<\/li>\n<li><strong>IEEE<\/strong> &#8211; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers develops global standards in a broad range of industries including power and energy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IOU<\/strong> &#8211; Investor Owned Utility<\/li>\n<li><strong>ISO<\/strong> &#8211; Independent System Operator<\/li>\n<li><strong>O&amp;M<\/strong> &#8211; Operations and Maintenance<\/li>\n<li><strong>PCC<\/strong> &#8211; Point of Common Coupling<\/li>\n<li><strong>PPA<\/strong> &#8211; Power Purchase Agreement<\/li>\n<li><strong>PSC<\/strong> &#8211; Public Service Commission is the public utilities commission that regulates and oversees the electric, gas, water, and telecommunications industries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PV <\/strong> &#8211; Photovoltaic solar<\/li>\n<li><strong>REC<\/strong> &#8211; Renewable Energy Credit<\/li>\n<li><strong>RFI<\/strong> &#8211; Request for Information<\/li>\n<li><strong>RFP<\/strong> &#8211; Request for Proposal<\/li>\n<li><strong>RPS<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/energy\/state-renewable-portfolio-standards-and-goals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Renewable Portfolio Standards<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>RTO<\/strong> &#8211; Regional Transmission Organization<\/li>\n<li><strong>SIR<\/strong> &#8211; Savings to Investment Ratio<\/li>\n<li><strong>SPB<\/strong> &#8211; Simple Payback<\/li>\n<li><strong>T&amp;D<\/strong> &#8211; Transmission and Distribution<\/li>\n<li><strong>UPS<\/strong> &#8211; Uninterruptible Power Supply<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\n\t\tTerms\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<ul>\t\n<li><strong>Advanced microgrid controller<\/strong> &#8211; Sophisticated microgrid controller technology enabling grid monitoring, communications, and facilitation of services to the wider distribution and transmission system.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demand response (DR)<\/strong> &#8211; Demand response provides an opportunity for consumers to play a significant role in the operation of the electric grid by reducing or shifting their electricity usage during peak periods in response to time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives. Demand response programs are being used by some electric system planners and operators as resource options for balancing supply and demand.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demand-side management<\/strong> &#8211; Demand-side management (DSM) programs consist of the planning, implementing, and monitoring activities of electric utilities which are designed to encourage consumers to modify their level and pattern of electricity usage.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interconnection<\/strong> &#8211; The connection between two bulk electric power systems or control areas. For a renewable energy system to be grid-connected, there must first be an interconnection agreement between the customer and the utility company. The interconnection agreement sets the terms and conditions under which a renewable energy system can be safely connected to the utility grid and outlines metering arrangements for the system.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interoperability<\/strong> &#8211; The capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to share and readily use information securely and effectively with little or no inconvenience to the user.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Load shedding<\/strong> &#8211; Load-shedding is the deliberate shutdown of electric power in one or multiple parts of a power-distribution system, generally to prevent the failure of the entire system when the demand strains capacity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Microgrid<\/strong> &#8211; According to U.S. Department of Energy, &#8220;a microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. It can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Net metering<\/strong> &#8211; For electric customers who generate their own electricity, net metering allows for the flow of electricity both to and from the customer &#8211; typically through a single, bi-directional meter. When a customer&#8217;s generation exceeds the customer&#8217;s use, electricity from the customer flows back to the grid, offsetting electricity consumed by the customer at a different time during the same billing cycle. In effect, the customer uses excess generation to offset electricity that the customer otherwise would have to purchase at the utility&#8217;s full retail rate. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/energy\/state-net-metering-policies\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Net metering is required by law in most U.S. states<\/a>, but state policies vary widely.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Point of Common Coupling (PCC)<\/strong> &#8211; The point in the electrical system where multiple customers or multiple electrical loads may be connected. A microgrid interacts with the macrogrid through the points of common coupling.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)<\/strong> &#8211; The PPA is a financial arrangement in which a third-party developer owns, operates, and maintains an energy system (often solar photovoltaic), and a host customer agrees to site the system on its property and purchases the system&#8217;s electric output from the solar services provider for a predetermined period. This financial arrangement allows the host customer to receive stable and often low-cost electricity, while the solar services provider or another party acquires valuable financial benefits, such as tax credits and income generated from the sale of electricity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Power quality<\/strong> &#8211; Momentary outages, voltage sags and swells, as well as such electric power phenomena as transients, &#8220;noise,&#8221; and harmonic distortion are all part of &#8220;power quality,&#8221; defined by IEEE as &#8220;the powering and grounding of sensitive electronic equipment in a manner that is suitable to the operation of that equipment.&#8221; Power quality, in other words, is the measure of how usable electrical energy is when it reaches an application.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reliability<\/strong> &#8211; Grid reliability is commonly defined as the ability of the electric power system to deliver electricity in the quantity and with the quality demanded by end-users.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Resilience<\/strong> &#8211; Resilience is the ability of the electric power system to withstand and recover from extreme, damaging conditions, including weather and other natural disasters, as well as cyber and physical attacks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Smart Grid<\/strong> &#8211; Smart grid refers to the evolution of our current electrical grid, using new technology to optimize the conservation and delivery of power. Smart grid technologies often enable two-way communication between the utility and its customers, and data-tracking along the transmission.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tariff<\/strong> &#8211; A regulated pricing structure charged to customers by utility providers for energy usage. Tariffs typically consist of fixed charges based on the supply of energy to a location and variable charges based on actual energy consumed. One or more tariff agreements will be necessary to interconnect a microgrid with the local utility provider system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glossary Acronyms AMI &#8211; Advanced Metering Infrastructure provides extensive meter data, including historic usage, load profiles, voltage variations, and outages. CHP &#8211; Combined Heat and Power a.k.a. cogeneration DER &#8211; Distributed Energy Resources e.g. rooftop solar PV units, natural gas turbines, wind turbines, biomass DOE &#8211; United States Department of Energy DR &#8211; Demand Response &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/glossary\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Glossary&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1093","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-general-amit"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1093"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1093\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4784,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1093\/revisions\/4784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crp.trb.org\/acrpwebresource19\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}