Authors – Construction Safety and Phasing Plans

CSPP Management Phase

The tasks within the CSPP Management Phase can be separated into three categories:

Ongoing CSPP management tasks
CSPP and SPCD revision tasks
Post-construction tasks

Each category and the tasks within each category are discussed below.

Ongoing CSPP Management Tasks

The following tasks are part of the ongoing CSPP management tasks and play a central role in reinforcing a culture of safety and collaboration:

Task 4.0A – Ongoing Safety Messaging: Safety needs to be continuously reinforced throughout the project through meetings, pre-construction briefings, and other communication materials. The frequency of the messaging will vary based on the complexity of the project.

Task 4.0B – Ongoing Safety Training: Safety and other required training should be provided on a recurring basis, especially during long projects, and should also be provided as needed to the new contractor and subcontractor staff.

Task 4.0C – Ongoing Hazard Identification: As part of project meetings, there should be an ongoing discussion regarding any new hazards that have been identified and how to mitigate those hazards.

Task 4.0D – Ongoing Safety Inspection/Compliance Monitoring: An ongoing safety inspection process should be implemented to ensure compliance with the CSPP, SPCD, and other safety requirements. The responsibility and number of inspections will vary based on the project.

CSPP and SPCD Revision Tasks

Throughout the life of a project, the airport, consulting engineer/designer, and contractor should continuously monitor the CSPP and SPCD to identify whether revisions to the documents may be necessary. If the need to change the CSPP or SPCD is identified, the tasks below should be followed:

Task 4.1 – CSPP and SPCD Revision Collaboration: If at some point during the construction process it becomes clear the CSPP and the SPCD should be modified, the airport, consulting engineer/designer, and contractor should work collaboratively with the project stakeholders (e.g., FAA Office of Airports, local Air Traffic Control Tower, FAA Technical Operations, Transportation Safety Administration, tenants, and others) to determine the specific changes that should be made and clearly communicate the reasons changes are required.

Task 4.2 – CSPP and SPCD Management: Once the necessary changes have been identified and agreed to, the proper revisions should be made to the CSPP and SPCD. If a significant change is required, the airport, consulting engineer/designer, and contractor may need to follow an abbreviated version of the Initial CSPP Development Phase (Tasks 2.1 – 2.7) to ensure the changes are properly reviewed.

Post-Construction Tasks

The following tasks are part of the post-construction tasks:

Task 4.3 – Post-Construction Review: Once a construction project is complete, the airport, consulting engineer/designer, contractor, and other stakeholders should identify lessons learned from the project to be incorporated into future projects. This task also includes the integration of any identified lessons learned into the airport’s construction guidelines, CSPP templates, or other materials.

Checkpoint #4– CSPP Management Phase: Based on the results of the preceding tasks, the following checkpoint questions should be reviewed:

Have lessons learned from the project been identified and documented?
Have best practices/constraints identified during the project been properly documented for future improvement?
Have airport-specific CSPP materials and construction guidelines been updated based on lessons learned and best practices identified?

Once the responses are “Yes” to each of the questions above, the lessons learned from the project should be properly documented to improve future performance. It is recommended that airports create and maintain a running list of lessons learned from past projects for integration in future projects.

CSPP Implementation Phase

The focus of each task and checkpoint in the CSPP Implementation Phase is provided below:

Task 3.1 – Project Construction Coordination: Once a contractor has been selected and the contracting process is complete, the contractor, consulting engineer/designer, airport staff, and key stakeholders should review the CSPP that was included in the project bid documents, discuss expectations related to the development of the SPCD, and discuss any required training that contractor personnel will need to complete prior to starting construction. Additionally, any hazard mitigations or safety best practices that were identified as being necessary during the initial CSPP development phase (Task 2.6) should be reviewed. The airport sponsor, consulting engineer/designer, and contractor should also work closely with TSA, if applicable, to address any security-related items before construction begins.

Task 3.2A – SPCD Development and Review: The contractor should develop the initial draft of the SPCD and provide it to the consulting engineer/designer and airport staff for review. The SPCD should communicate “how” the contractor will comply with the CSPP. The SPCD must be approved by the airport sponsor. Once the SPCD has been approved, all pre-construction meetings should be completed.

Task 3.2B – Contractor Training: Concurrently with the development of the SPCD, the contractor should complete all required airport training (e.g., security, airfield driver’s training, specific construction safety training) and ensure that any other required training (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements, state-specific requirements) is completed.

Checkpoint #3 – CSPP Implementation Phase: Based on the results of the preceding tasks, the following checkpoint questions should be reviewed:

- Has the contractor completed all required airport training?
- Has the contractor provided all required training certifications and documents?
- Does the contractor’s SPCD sufficiently describe how the contractor will comply with the CSPP?
- Has the SPCD been approved?

Once the responses are “Yes” to each of the questions above, the team (e.g., airport, consulting engineer/designer, contractor) is ready to proceed to CSPP Management Phase.

Culture Development/Management – Safety and Collaboration: During this phase of the CSPP process, the contractor becomes part of developing and promoting a culture of collaboration and safety as part of the project. Collaborative discussions should be held regarding potential construction hazards, how the contractor will meet the safety requirements set forth in the CSPP, and other safety measures the contractor plans to utilize (e.g., shift briefings, safety stand downs). The development of a collaborative hazard/risk register should be discussed during this phase for tracking hazards and mitigation strategies.

Initial CSPP Development Phase

The focus of each task and checkpoint in the Initial CSPP Development Phase is provided below:

Task 2.1 – Identification of Project Phasing Constraints/Drivers and Stakeholders: Once project design is underway, the airport and consulting engineer/designer should identify key constraints/drivers and stakeholders that will shape the development of the CSPP. The results of Task 1.1 (Pre-Project Planning/Coordination) should be reviewed to help inform this task. All critical stakeholders should be engaged as part of this task to discuss the project and identify their needs/requirements prior to developing any proposed phasing plans. Additionally, as part of this task, the airport and designer should initiate coordination with local Air Traffic Control Tower and FAA Technical Operations staff, if appropriate, and talk with the FAA Office of Airports regarding how to handle potential revisions to the CSPP if revisions are needed after construction starts. If the project is not a traditional design-bid-build project and a contractor has already been selected (i.e., Design-Build), the contractor should be engaged at this point to begin discussing project safety and phasing. Additionally, any impacts the project will have on other airport facilities/systems (as discussed in Task 1.1) should be documented.

Task 2.2 – Initial Project/Phasing Development: Based on the information gathered in Task 2.1, an initial phasing plan should be developed by the consulting engineer/designer. For complex projects, the development of various phasing “alternatives” should be considered. At this point, the phasing plans should be conceptual and do not need to provide the level of detail and specificity needed in the final CSPP document. These conceptual phasing plans should be vetted with airport staff prior to moving on to Task 2.3.

Task 2.3 – Stakeholder Project/Phasing Review: Once the conceptual phasing plan has been developed and reviewed by airport staff, the project stakeholders should be engaged to review and provide feedback on the conceptual phasing plan. Stakeholders may include local Air Traffic Control Tower and FAA Technical Operations staff, FAA Office of Airports (ADO representative and Airport Certification Safety Inspector), Transportation Security Administration, tenants, airlines, and airport users. This step should occur early in the design process with the goal of identifying a preferred conceptual phasing plan for further development in the project design process.

Task 2.4 – Draft CSPP Development: Based on the preferred phasing concept identified in Task 2.3, the draft CSPP should be developed following AC 150/5370-2G – Operational Safety on Airports During Construction and should include specific signage/marking plans, barricade layout, haul routes, phase durations and closure schedules. Additionally, airport staff and the consulting engineer/designer should work with the FAA Office of Airports to identify points of interest for the construction project that will need to be reviewed through the FAA airspace analysis process. The points of interest applicable to each phase should be identified.

Task 2.5 – Construction Phasing Feasibility Review: Once the initial draft of the CSPP is developed, a construction feasibility review should be completed to ensure the project can be constructed as set forth in the phasing plan. The project consulting engineers/designers should leverage the knowledge of construction management personnel, senior engineers, or others that have a strong knowledge of construction means and methods. This review is especially important if it is a design-bid-build project and the contractor is not involved in developing the CSPP. Proper construction phasing feasibility reviews are helpful for minimizing the potential of needing to change the CSPP due to a constructability issue.

Task 2.6 – Project Safety Analysis/Review: Once the draft CSPP has been developed (Task 2.4) and the construction phasing feasibility review (Task 2.5) is complete, any formal safety analysis/reviews identified in Task 1.1 should be completed. This may include the completion of an FAA Order 5200.11 FAA Airports Safety Management System Safety Risk Management panel, an FAA Air Traffic Organization Safety Risk Management panel, Safety Risk Assessment, and/or other safety analysis/review efforts deemed necessary. The FAA Office of Airports is responsible for determining the need for a Safety Risk Management panel under FAA Order 5200.11 and the FAA Air Traffic Organization is responsible for determining if a Safety Risk Management panel needs to be completed under their policies and procedures. These are two separate Safety Risk Management requirements that can not be combined. As a result, two separate Safety Risk Management panels (e.g., one under FAA Order 5200.11 and another under FAA Air Traffic Organization policies and procedures) may need to be completed. Any Safety Risk Management panels or other safety assessments/reviews should be completed around 70% design. Completing a thorough safety analysis/review at this point in the design process will help identify if additional hazard mitigations or safety best practices (e.g., safety officers) need to be integrated into the construction effort and allow time to plan for their associated cost impacts. Additionally, the airport sponsor and consulting engineer/designer should identify whether the contractor will be required to complete any safety/security training so those requirements can be properly integrated into the project bid documents. The Contractor Training Guide (CTG) provides an overview of potential training requirements.

- Checkpoint #2 – Initial CSPP Development Phase: Based on the results of the preceding tasks, a final draft of the CSPP document should be developed and the following checkpoint questions should be reviewed:

- Does the draft CSPP meet all the requirements of FAA ARP SOP 1.0 – FAA Evaluation of Sponsor’s Construction Safety and Phasing Plans Funded by the AIP or PFC Programs and AC 150/5370-2G?
- Have project stakeholders and their needs/requirements been identified?
- Has the CSPP been reviewed by affected stakeholders?
- Has a construction phasing feasibility review been conducted?
- Were all required safety analysis/reviews completed?
- Have all points of interest been identified for airspace submittal and review?

Once the responses are “Yes” to each of the questions above, the team (e.g., airport and consulting engineer/designer) is ready to proceed to Task 2.7 – Development of Final CSPP.

Task 2.7 – Development of Final CSPP: Any changes to the final draft of the CSPP should be made based on the results of Checkpoint #2. The final CSPP should then be uploaded into the Obstruction Evaluation/Airport Airspace Analysis for the FAA’s official review. The FAA Office of Airports may review the final CSPP first prior to the document being uploaded into the Obstruction Evaluation/Airport Airspace Analysis. If this occurs, their comments should be addressed prior to uploading the CSPP into the Obstruction Evaluation/Airport Airspace Analysis. Additional revisions to the CSPP may be needed based on the results of the FAA’s official review and prior to their approval of the CSPP. All contractor safety/security training requirements should be integrated into the project bid documents.

Culture Development – Safety and Collaboration: During this phase of the CSPP process the consulting engineer/designer and airport should take diligent steps to continue to be collaborative with project stakeholders and continue to prioritize safety as part of the development of the CSPP.

Pre-CSPP Activities Phase

The focus of each task and checkpoint in the Pre-CSPP Activities Phase is provided below:

Task 1.1 – Pre-Project Planning/Coordination: As part of the planning effort for a future capital project, the airport should identify key project stakeholders (e.g., FAA, Transportation Security Administration, airlines, tenants), drivers for macro-level phasing consideration (e.g., can the project be completed as a single project or should it be split into multiple projects), and other key factors that could influence the project’s design and phasing (e.g., funding, impacts to existing facilities/systems). This should also include identifying whether a CSPP will be required (per FAA SOP 1.0 – FAA Evaluation of Sponsor’s Construction Safety and Phasing Plans Funded by the AIP or PFC Programs, Table 1) and whether any specific safety processes should be enacted as part of the design process (e.g., FAA Order 5200.11 FAA Airports Safety Management System Safety Risk Management panel, FAA Air Traffic Safety Risk Management panel, a Safety Risk Assessment if the airport has a Safety Management Systems program, or other specific hazard analysis). It should be noted that the determination on whether a CSPP or an FAA Order 5200.11 Safety Risk Management panel will be required is a decision made by the FAA Office of Airports. Consequently, airport sponsors should consult with the FAA Office of Airports for this determination. The decision on whether an FAA Air Traffic Safety Risk Management panel will be required is a determination made by the FAA Air Traffic Organization. Airport sponsors should consult with the airport’s local Air Traffic Organization representatives for this determination. Additionally, this task includes the development or gathering of any airport-specific construction guidelines, CSPP requirements/templates, or other airport documents that will inform the development of the CSPP.

Checkpoint #1 – Pre-CSPP Activities Phase: Based on the results of the preceding task, the following checkpoint questions should be reviewed:

- Have I determined whether a CSPP will be required?
- Have I identified key project stakeholders?
- Have I identified significant impacts/constraints for the project?
- Has the FAA Office of Airports determined whether a Safety Risk Management panel will be required? Will FAA Air Traffic Control Tower need to complete a Safety Risk Management? If the answer is no to both questions, will the airport need to conduct any special Safety Risk Assessment or safety assessments?
- Have I developed/gathered key airport-specific documents and standards needed for CSPP development?

Once the responses are “Yes” to each of the questions above, the airport is ready to proceed to the Initial CSPP Development Phase.

Culture Development – Safety and Collaboration: During this portion of the CSPP process, the airport should be working to cultivate and communicate the importance of a culture of safety and collaboration among the various stakeholders (e.g., local Air Traffic Control Tower, local FAA Technical Operations, tenants, airlines) that may be involved in the project.

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